Factors

We need to know every factor which determines lifespan.

Lifespan factors often but not always originate from defined genetic elements. They are not just genes, by definition they can be anything for which a Classifications schema can be build for that is related to the regulation of lifespan, such entities may include Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism, transcript variants, proteins and their complexes, compounds (i.e. small molecules like metabolites and drugs), etc. A factor should be based on a defined molecular entity or genomic position and been classified. It shall be highly flexible and scalable Concept.

While individual lifespan factors within each species or precise defined molecular entities will be captured within the Lifespan App, Data Entries of the Data App may summarize for instance the relevance of each factor class (e.g. homologous group; chemical derivate of related structure and properties, etc.) as well as draw overall conclusions. o

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  • symbol name observation species
    CCR4 Carbon Catabolite Repression 4 Deletion of CCR4 increases mean chronological lifespan by 20 - 41% (20, 33, 41) in diploid cells [21447998]. In W303R CCR4 deletion shortens replicative lifespan by approximately 80% and results in temperature sensitivity that is suppressed by SSD1-V. SSD1-V partially suppresses the short-lifespan of ccr4 mutant. CCR4 mutation is synthetically lethal in combination with deletion of MPT5 in the absence of SSD1-V [11805047]. Budding yeast
    CCS1 Copper Chaperone for SOD1 1 Deletion of CCS1 reduces replicative lifespan by 50% [17460215]. Budding yeast
    CLA4 CLn Activity dependant 4 Deletion of CLA4 decreases replicative lifespan by 60% in the alpha strain [18340043; 19030232]. Budding yeast
    COQ3 COenzyme Q 3 Deletion of COQ3 decreases chronological lifespan and renders cells respiratory deficient and sensitive to hydrogen peroxide [12586694]. Budding yeast
    CTF4 Chromatin-associated protein, required for sister chromatid cohesion; interacts with DNA polymerase alpha (Pol1p) and may link DNA synthesis to sister chromatid cohesion Deletion of CTF4 results in an approximately 75% reduced mean replicative lifespan [12024027]. Budding yeast
    DIF1 Damage-regulated Import Facilitator 1 Deletion of DIF1 decreases replicative lifespan by 20% in the alpha strain [19030232]. Budding yeast
    ERG3 ERGosterol biosynthesis Deletion of ERG3 decreases replicative lifespan under AL, cancels out replicative lifespan extension of 0.5% glucose DR and results under DR also into a shorter replicative lifespan than under AL [18690010]. Budding yeast
    ERG5 ERGosterol biosynthesis 5 Deletion of ERG5 decreases replicative lifespan by 35% in the a strain [18340043], but increases mean chronological lifespan by 26 - 116% (26, 40, 43, 62, 116) in diploid cells [21447998]. Deletion of ERG5 cancels out the replicative lifespan extension of 0.5% glucose restriction [18690010]. Budding yeast
    ERG6 ERGosterol biosynthesis 6 Deletion of ERG6 cancels out replicative lifespan extension of 0.5% glucose DR and results under DR also into a shorter replicative lifespan than under AL [18690010]. Budding yeast
    GCN2 General Control Nonderepressible 2 Deletion of GCN2 decreases replicative lifespan by 10% in a strain [18340043]. GCN2 deletion decreases replicative lifespan by 10-20% in both alpha and a strains [19030232]. Budding yeast
    GCN4 Transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes in response to amino acid starvation; expression is tightly regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels Deletion of GCN4 increases the replicative lifespan by 10% in the alpha strain [19030232]. GCN4 deletion decreases the lifespan in the alpha and a strain [20657825]. The chronological lifespan of GCN4 deletion is strongly decreased in the a strain [20421943]. Budding yeast
    GCN5 General Control Nonderepressible 5 Deletion of GCN5 decreases replicative lifespan of extension of rho+ and rho0 cells as well as suppresses lifespan extension by the retrograde response [15547318]. Deletion of GCN5 strongly reduces chronological lifespan [19801973]. Budding yeast
    GIN4 Growth Inhibitory 4 Deletion of GIN4 decreases replicative lifespan by 35% in the alpha strain [18340043; 19030232]. Budding yeast
    GLN3 GLutamiNe metabolism 3 Deletion of GLN3 extends chronological lifespan [16418483]. GLN3 deletion decreases replicative lifespan by 20% in the alpha strain [19030232]. GLN3 deletion in the vineyard strain dramatically shortens chronological lifespan, while extends that of the laboratory strain [21901113]. Budding yeast
    GMC2 Grand Meiotic recombination Cluster 2 Deletion of GMC2 decreases replicative lifespan by 50% in the alpha strain [19030232]. Budding yeast
    HAP5 Heme Activator Protein 5 Deletion of HAP5 shortens replicative lifespan by approximately 40%. This is not a premature aging phenotype as "old" HAP5 cells do not become premature sterile or exhibit other biomarkers of yeast aging [9271578]. HAP5 null mutants are unable to grow on a non-fermentable carbon source [7828851]. Budding yeast
    HOG1 High Osmolarity Glycerol response 1 Deletion of HOG1 shortens replicative lifespan by 25% and prevents lifespan extension by high osmolarity [12391171]. HOG1 is required for many of the transcriptional responses to high osmolarity, including increased glycerol biosynthesis and MSN2/4-dependent stress response [10722658]. HOG1 deletion slightly decreases chronological lifespan and partially suppresses the premature aging phenotype and short lifespan of ISC1 deletion [22445853]. Budding yeast
    HSC80 Deletion of HSC82 has no effect on replicative lifespan, but shortens chronological lifespan [11361336]. Budding yeast
    HSP104 Heat shock protein that cooperates with Ydj1p (Hsp40) and Ssa1p (Hsp70) to refold and reactivate previously denatured, aggregated proteins; responsive to stresses including: heat, ethanol, and sodium arsenite; involved in [PSI+] propagation Deletion of HSP104 leads to a 14% [9851879] to 40% [17908928] reduction in mean replicative lifespan, therfore it is required for required for longevity. Overexpression of HSP104 driven by GAL promoter is insufficient to extend replicative lifespan [9851879]. Overproduction of HSP104 in wild-type cells has no effect on replicative life span, but suppresses the reduced lifespan of Sir2-deficient cells [17908928]. Exposure of cells to transient sub-lethal heat-stress extends mean lifespan by 12% while decreasing maximum lifespan by 14%. This effect does not occur in an HSP104 null mutant [9851879]. HSP104 null mutant is viable but displays reduced high temperature survival and its overproduction is sufficient to induce thermotolerance [8643570]. Budding yeast
    IDH2 Isocitrate DeHydrogenase 2 Deletion of IDH2 increases the mean replicative lifespan by about 30% [16293764]. IDH2 deletion extends mean replicative lifespan by 20% in the alpha strain and in a strain [19030232; 18340043]. IDH2 deletion extends mean, median and maximum lifespan by 5, 19 and 15% [23167605]. Budding yeast
    INM2 INositol Monophosphatase 2 Deletion of INM2 decreases replicative lifespan by 70% in the alpha strain [19030232]. Budding yeast
    KSS1 Kinase Suppressor of Sst2 mutations 1 Deletion of KSS1 results in increased sensitivity to heat shock and oxidative stress and a 25% reduction in median chronological lifespan [17662940]. Budding yeast
    LAG2 Protein involved in determination of longevity Deletion of LAG2 in haploid SP1 strain does not affect growth, but results in a 50% decrease in the mean and maximum replicative lifespan. When LAG2 is overexpressed, the mean and maximum replicative lifespan is extended by about 36% and 54%, respectively. Overexpression induced at generation 12 similarly increases replicative lifespan [8760941]. Budding yeast
    MTC5 Maintenance of Telomere Capping 5 Deletion of MTC5 decreases replicative lifespan by 35% in the alpha strain [19030232]. Budding yeast
    MXR1 peptide Methionine sulfoXide Reductase 1 Deletion of MXR1 (alias MsrA) decreases by 25% and overexpression slightly increases the replicative lifespan [15141092]. Deletion of MXR1 decreases replicative lifespan [19049972]. MXR1 deletion decreases replicative lifespan on either glucose or lactate as carbon source [20799725]. Although deletion or overexpression of MXR2 (alias MsrB) has no effect under normal growth conditions, the simultaneous deletion of MXR1 and MXR2 reduces the lifespan by 63% [15141092]. Budding yeast
    Factors are an extension of GenAge and GenDR.

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