Denigma cartographies changes from the molecular level to whole physiology which occur in defined contrasts such as aging and dietary as well as genetic lifespan-extending interventions:
ID | name | taxid | reference | pmid | tissue | comparision | start | stop | gender | description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
74 | Reduced regenerative capacity | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Aging in mammals is associated with reduced regenerative capacity in tissues that contain stem cells [15734685;11919569]. |
77 | Osh6 downregulation | — | Gebre et al., unpublished | — | — | age | — | — | — | Total cellular Osh6 levels decrease in aged cells. Osh6 in mid-aged cells is less than half of the Osh6 levels in young cells [Gebre et al., unpublished]. |
80 | Cisd2 expression declines | — | — | 22661501 | — | age | — | — | — | Cisd2 expression decreases with age [22661501]. |
95 | Ceramides increase | — | — | — | — | age | — | — | — | Sphingosine-linked fatty acids like ceramides serve as "damage-associated molecular patterns" (DAMPs) are increased in aged tissue and cause inflammatory damage via activation of Nlrp3 inflammasome [Vandanmagsar et al. 2011; Youm et al. 2012]. |
103 | Decreased stem cell activity | — | — | 20504968 | — | age | — | — | — | Advanced age is associated with decreased stem cell activity [20504968]. |
130 | Melatonin decreases | — | — | 18212404 | — | age | old | young | — | Melatonin level decrease with age [reviewed in 18212404]. |
131 | Arterial walls stiffen with age | — | López-Andrés et al. 2012 | 23172930 | — | — | — | — | — | Age-associated changes in blood vessels include the increase in inflammatory response, cell loss, inability to repair DNA damage, oncogene activation and regulation of telomere-telomerase complex [9-11]. Several age-associated structural, functional, and molecular changes occur in the arterial system. Aging is accompanied with thickening and dilatation of large arteries, extracellular matrix accumulation, calcium deposits, increased vascular stiffness, and endothelial dysfunction [12,13]. These alterations may be attributable to age-related functional changes in vascular cells [12]. Age-related arterial inflammatory phenotype includes increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, or transforming growth factor-β expression [14,15]. Age-associated changes in blood vessels include a decrease in compliance, and increase in arterial stiffness and arterial wall thickening as a result of increased vascular calcifications, increased collagen content and cross-linking, and decreased elastin content [16,18]. References =========== 9. Lakatta EG. Cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms in advanced age. Physiol Rev. 1993;73:413–467. 10. Serrano M, Blasco MA. Putting the stress on senescence. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2001;13:748–753. 11. Wei JY. Age and the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1735–1739. 12. Lakatta EG. Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular disease enterprises: Part III: cellular and molecular clues to heart and arterial aging. Circulation. 2003;107:490–497. 13. Lakatta EG, Wang M, Najjar SS. Arterial aging and subclinical arterial disease are fundamentally intertwined at macroscopic and molecular levels. Med Clin North Am. 2009;93:583–604, Table of Contents. 14. Spinetti G, Wang M, Monticone R, Zhang J, Zhao D, Lakatta EG. Rat aortic MCP-1 and its receptor CCR2 increase with age and alter vascular smooth muscle cell function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004;24:1397–1402. 15. Wang M, Zhao D, Spinetti G, Zhang J, Jiang LQ, Pintus G, Monticone R, Lakatta EG. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 activation of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and TGF-beta1-type II receptor signaling within the aged arterial wall. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1503–1509. 16. Lacolley P, Labat C, Pujol A, Delcayre C, Benetos A, Safar M. Increased carotid wall elastic modulus and fibronectin in aldosterone-salt-treated rats: effects of eplerenone. Circulation. 2002;106:2848–2853. 17. López-Andrés N, Martin-Fernandez B, Rossignol P, Zannad F, Lahera V, Fortuno MA, Cachofeiro V, Díez J. A role for cardiotrophin-1 in myocardial remodeling induced by aldosterone. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011;301:H2372–H2382. 18. Zieman SJ, Melenovsky V, Kass DA. Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and therapy of arterial stiffness. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol.2005;25:932–943. |
89 | Chromosomal anomalies | 969 | — | — | — | age | — | — | — | Chromosomal anomalies (rearrangements and aneuploidies) during cell division increases with age in cultured lymphocytes and fibroblasts [30,31 in Lauri et al. 2012]. |
84 | Cell proliferation increases | 1016 | 11744049 | — | — | Diet | — | — | — | 24 month DR in rats enhances cell proliferation in duodenum and forestomach mucosal tissue [11744049]. |
1 | ROS production increases | 4932 | Laun et al., 2001 | 11251834 | — | Age | young | old | — | — |
65 | Protein expression variation increases | 4932 | Levy et al., 2012 | — | — | age | — | — | — | Transcripts tha become over- or under-expressed in old cells tend to result in protein levels that are more variable across cells in exponential growth [Levy et al., 2012]. |
66 | Tsl1 abundance increases | 4932 | Levy et al., 2012 | — | — | age | — | — | — | Replicative age correlates with a Tsl1-abundant cell state [Levy et al., 2012]. |
76 | OSH5 upregulation | 4932 | Gebre et al. unpublished | — | — | age | — | — | — | OSH5 level is up-regulated during aging by about 3-15-fold [Gebre et al. unpublished]. |
78 | Sir2 decline | 4932 | — | 21436897 | — | age | — | — | — | Sir2 levels exhibit an age-related decline at an age of about one thir lifespan expectancies [21436897]. |
79 | Vacuolar membrane deteriorates | 4932 | — | 18690010 | — | age | — | — | — | The vacuolar membrane deteriorates as judged by Vac8 localisation at or before generations 6-7. At generation 6-7, cells begin to exhibit large round vacoules and vacoules with invaginated vacoular membranes [18690010]. |
96 | Loss of histone proteins from the genome | 4932 | — | 20832724 | — | age | — | — | — | Normal aging is accompanied by a profound loss of histone proteins from the genome [20832724]. |
104 | Hsp12 induction | 4932 | Herbert et al. in press | — | — | diet | DR (0.5% glucose) | AL (2% glucose) | — | Moderate DR upregulates Hsp12 levels [Herbert et al. in press]. |
105 | Eno1 induction | 4932 | Herbert et al. in press | — | — | diet | DR (0.5% glucose) | AL (2% glucose) | — | Moderate DR upregulates Eno1 levels [Herbert et al. in press]. |
106 | Hxk1 induction | 4932 | Herbert et al. in press | — | — | diet | DR (0.5% glucose) | AL (2% glucose) | — | Moderate DR upregulates Hxk1 levels [Herbert et al. in press]. |
107 | Rtc3 induction | 4932 | Herbert et al. in press | — | — | diet | DR (0.5% glucose) | AL (2% glucose) | — | Moderate DR upregulates Rtc3 levels [Herbert et al. in press]. |
108 | Rgil induction | 4932 | Herbert et al. in press | — | — | diet | DR (0.5% glucose) | AL (2% glucose) | — | Moderate DR upregulates Eno1 levels [Herbert et al. in press]. |
109 | Sbp1 induction | 4932 | Herbert et al. in press | — | — | diet | DR (0.5% glucose) | AL (2% glucose) | — | Moderate DR upregulates Sbp1 levels [Herbert et al. in press]. |
110 | Yef3 induction | 4932 | Herbert et al. in press | — | — | diet | DR (0.5% glucose) | AL (2% glucose) | — | Moderate DR upregulates Yef3 levels [Herbert et al. in press]. |
111 | Ctt1 induction | 4932 | Herbert et al. in press | — | — | diet | DR (0.5% glucose) | AL (2% glucose) | — | High osmolarity upregulates Ctt1 levels [Herbert et al. in press]. |
112 | Eno1 induction | 4932 | Herbert et al. in press | — | — | diet | DR (0.5% glucose) | AL (2% glucose) | — | High osmolarity upregulates Eno1 levels [Herbert et al. in press]. |
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