| name | effect | species | mean | median | maximum | | BLM mutation | BLM mutation cuases Bloom syndrom. Individuals with Bloom syndrome have a shortend life expectancy []. Death is primary due to cancer, particulary leukemia and lymphoma [German, 1992]. Bloom syndrome is not a premature aging disease. Bloom syndrome characteristics are grwoth deficiency, sun-snesitivity, telangiectatic hypo- and hyperpigmented skin, predisposition to malignancy, and chromosomal instability [5770175]. | Human | — | — | — | | LMNA mutation | Dominant mutation in LMNA (lamin A/C) gene cause Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) which is rare and characterized by prematurly senile appearing skin and hair, with death from coronary artery disease often by age 10 [Gilford 1904; Hutchinson 1886; OMIM]. The median age of death in HGPS individuals is 13.4 years. A C to T transition at nucleotide 1824 is associated with HGPS [Sandra-Giovannoli et al., 2003; Eriksson et al., 2003]. The 1824C-T allele appears to act in a dominant negative manner by interfering with normal splicing, resulting in production of both the normal transcript and a transcript deleted for 150 bp at the 3' end [Sandre-Giovannoli et al, 2003]. Cultured skin fibroblasts from individuals with progeria exhibit an increased fraction of hat-labile proteins [1128606].
Gilford (1904). Ateleiosis and progeria: continuous youth and premature old age. Brit Med J 2, 914-918.
Hutchinson, J. (1886). Case of congenital absence of hair, with atrophic condition of the skin and its appendages, in a boy whose mother had been almost wholly bald from alopecia areata from the age of six. Lancet 1, 923. | Human | — | — | — | | ERCC8 mutation | Individuals with a mutation in ERCC8 (alias CKN1) have a shortened lifespan, short stature, precociously senile appearance, retinal degeneration, optic atrophy, sensitivity to sunlight, and mental retardation [14156156]. Hypertension and renal disease are also common in ERCC8 mutants [514720]. | Human | — | — | — | | ATM mutation | Individuals with ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) have a decreased lifespan, with a maximum of 52 years [3864931]. | Human | — | — | — | | Homozygous GH1 deletion | Mean lifespan in untreated, affected individuals homozyogus for a deletion at the GH1 locus is significantly shorter (P < 0.05) than in affected siblings or the general population. Individuals homozygous for GH1 deletion demonstrate hereditary dwarfism [12915652]. | Human | — | — | — | | WRN mutation | Mutation in WRN causes Werner Syndrome which characteristics includes prematurely aged facies, scleroderma-like skin changes, cataracts, arteriosclerosis, subcutaneous calcification, and diabetes mellitus [McKusick et al. 1963; 5327241]. Inheritance is autosomal recessive and malignancy is frequent. THe frequency is 3 per million individuals in Japan [7460386].
Cells from a Werner heterozygote exit the cell cycle at a faster rate than do normal cells [8265666]. Loss of WRN promoter aberrant mitotic recombination [11316787]. | Human | — | — | — | | PSEN1 mutation | Mutations (more than 60 different) in PSEN1 are associated with Alzheimer's disease, of which all result in increased production of abnormally long amyloid beta-protein and an increase in senile plaque formation [10934557]. | Human | — | — | — | | UCHL1 mutation | UCHL1 is assoicated with Parkinson's disease [9774100]. UCHL1 belongs to a family of de-ubiquitinating enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of bonds between ubiquitin molecules and small adducts [11084366]. Decreased activity due to mutation may result in decreased labeling of abnormal proteins for clearance. | Human | — | — | — | |
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