| AKT1 | v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 | AKT1 was found to be associated with longevity [19489743]. AKT1 was found to be associated with longevity [22929028]. AKT1 was found to be associated with longevity [22929028]. AKT1 was found to be associated with longevity [22929028]. AKT1 was found to be associated with longevity [22929028]. AKT1 was found to be associated with longevity [22929028]. AKT1 was found to be associated with longevity [22929028]. AKT1 was found to be associated with longevity [22929028]. AKT1 was not found to be associated with longevity [22929028]. | Human |
| AKT2 | v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 | AKT2 was not found to be associated with longevity [19489743]. | Human |
| AKT3 | v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 (protein kinase B, gamma) | AKT3 was not found to be associated with longevity [19489743]. | Human |
| ANKRD19 | ankyrin repeat domain 19, pseudogene | ANKRD19 was not found to be associated with longevity [21612516]. | Human |
| APD1 | Actin Patches Distal 1 | Although APD1 was identified as a potential long-lived mutant strain in a bar-code screen, deletion of APD1 does not significantly affect chronological lifespan under starvation/extreme DR [20657825]. | Budding yeast |
| APOA4 | apolipoprotein A-IV | Two restriction polymorphisms, HinfI347 (Thr347/Ser) and Fnu4HI360 (Gln360/His), and a VNTR (alleles 3, 4) at the 3 region of the APOA4 gene were examined in 71 centenarians (18 men and 53 women, 100-107 years of age, mean 102.3 years) and 100 unrelated adults (21 men and 79 women, 19-59 years of age, mean 35.7 years). The Hinf347 genotype distribution was significantly different in centenarians [9622284].APOA4 was found to be associated with longevity [9533408]. APOA4 was found to be associated with longevity [9622284]. APOA4 was not found to be associated with longevity [9622284]. APOA4 was not found to be associated with longevity [12556235]. | Human |
| APOB | apolipoprotein B (including Ag(x) antigen) | A sample of 143 centenarians and a control sample of 158 individuals were examined for polymorphism in APOB restriction fragment length (RFLP) (XbaI2488 and EcoRI4154) and variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) (3'APOB-VNTR) polymorphisms. Neither the XbaI-RFLP nor the EcoRI-RFLP was able to discriminate between centenarians and controls, while the 3'APOB-VNTR multiallelic system revealed significant differences between the samples: the frequency of alleles with fewer than 35 repeats was lower in centenarians than in controls [9050915].apoB was found to be associated with longevity [17393087].APOB was found to be associated with longevity [15028112]. APOB was found to be associated with longevity [17393087]. APOB was not found to be associated with longevity [17393087]. APOB was found to be associated with longevity [9050915]. APOB was not found to be associated with longevity [11592926]. APOB was not found to be associated with longevity [8018664]. APOB was not found to be associated with longevity [9050915]. | Human |
| APOE | apolipoprotein E | In humans APOE is located on chromosome 19. There are three common allelic variants of APOE (ε2 to ε4).
The resulting proteins are referred to as ApoE2, ApoE3 and ApoE4.
The respective proteins differ only in single amino acid, but have a dramatic influence on the life of affected humans.
The frequency of the epsilon 2 allele of ApoE is significantly increased in centenarians relative the overall control population, while the epsilon 4 allele is significantly decreased in centenarians [8136829]. Among individuals 85 years or older how had good cognition, the mortality of those that had the 2/3 genotype was half that in those who carried the epsilon 3/3 genotype and the mortality in subjects with the epsilon 3/4 genotype is twice that of those who carry the epsilon 3/3 genotype. This 4-fold variation results in 2-year difference in survival [8624216].
The epsilon 4 allele is also associated with higher cholesterol levels and cardiovascolar disease [10818513; 8624216] as well as risk factor for cognitive impariment under age 85 [8624216]. However the APOE polymorphism is not a risk factor for cognitive impairment in individuals older than 85 years [8624216].
The Polymorphism (E2, E3, and E4) was examined in a sample of 228 healthy Italian subjects (124 men and 104 women) aged 18-93, with the result that the frequency of E4 decreased with age and was not found in subjects aged 75 and older [8541369].
By Examining the common polymorphism was in 182 women and 100 men aged > 84 years and in 100 boys and 100 girls younger than 17 years (English, Cambridge) a difference between genotypes in the elderly women and the young sample was observed. However, this did not retain significance when the genotype frequencies of the young sample were adjusted to values expected from the allele frequencies on the basis of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and compared to observed genotypes in elderly men and women [9105559].
In a Braxiallian population the common polymorphism was examined in 70 elderly patients aged 80 years or more. No association was observed between the genotypes and longevity, though individuals with the E3E4 genotype had a mean age greater than those with the E3E3 genotype [12185856].
In a Korean population the common polymorphism examination of 103 centenarians (13 men and 90 women, mean age 102.4 +/- 2.6 years) and 6435 adults (5008 men and 1427 women) of mean age 50.7 +/- 7.9 years found that the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of the centenarians were not significantly different from those of the control groups. The frequency of the E4 allele was significantly higher in centenarians with dementia than in centenarians without definitive dementia [12634288].
Examination of the common polymorphism in 224 older (75 years) Jewish Jerusalem residents of Ashkenazi ethnicity (150 males and 74 females) and a group of 441 younger subjects (22 years) revealed that the Ashkenazi older subjects were characterized by an increased percentage of the E2 allele and a decreased percentage of the E4 allele [15621215].
A study of APOE polymorphisms in a samples of 538 Colombian subjects (aged 18-106 years) did not find any differences between young and old subjects [16971231].
APOE correlated highly with longevity in a plethora of genetic signatures and has been associated with Alzheimer's disease [22279548].
ε3 and *ε4 are much more efficient binding lipoprotein receptors [11882522].
The various APOE isoforms interact differently with specific lipoprotein receptors, ultimately altering circulating levels of cholesterol. APOE from VLDL, chylomirons and chylomicron remnants binds to specific receptor cells in the liver. Carriers of the *ε2 allele are less efficient at making and transferring VLDLs and chylomicrons from the blood plasma to the liver because of its binding properties. By contrast, carriers of the ε3 are much more efficient in these processes. While APOE4 and APOE3 bind with approximately equal affinity to lipoprotein receptors, APOE2 binds with less than 2% of this strength [7628082]. Thus, compared with carriers of the *ε3 or *ε4 allele, carriers of the *ε2 allele are slower to clear dietary fat from their blood [3479440]. The difference lipoprotein particles results in differences in regulating hepatic low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors which in turn contribute to genotypic differences in total and LDL cholesterol levels [1998654; 3277611; 8696954; 8018666; 1867194; 3698268].
While APOE was not found to be associated with longevity in some studies [16799145; 21703254], APOE was found to be associated with longevity in many others [11780357; 11213279; 16487435; [23286790; 15621215; 8018664; 21418511; 8136829; 9792194; 22445811; 12185856; 10069711; 21703254; 17934638; 17234815; 11788960; 17934638; 10643896; 11280044; 14615589; 23040522; 18034366]. APOE was found to be associated with longevity [22445811]. APOE was not found to be associated with longevity [24924924]. APOE was found to be associated with longevity [24924924]. APOE was found to be associated with longevity [24688116]. APOE was found to be associated with longevity [24534555]. APOE was found to be associated with longevity [24244950]. APOE was found to be associated with longevity [24126160]. | Human |
| APOE + TOMM40 | — | APOE + TOMM40 was not found to be associated with longevity [21418511]. APOE + TOMM40 was not found to be associated with longevity [23040522]. | Human |
| arf-3 | ADP-Ribosylation Factor related 3 | RNA interference of arf-3 does not affect lifespan of wild-type but suppresses lifespan extension by isp-1 mutation [22829775]. | — |
| asp-3 | ASpartyl Protease 3 | RNA interference against asp-3 significantly reduces lifespan of eat-2(ad1116) mutants, without any significant affect on the lifespan of wild-type. Mean and 75%ile lifespan of eat-2 mutants is reduced by 13-14% and 5-9% by asp-3 RNAi. ASP-3 is upregulated in eat-2 mutants [22810224]. | Nematode |
| ATF4 | — | ATF4 was not found to be associated with longevity [23770741]. | Human |
| ATG18 | — | The replicative lifespan of ATG18 deletion mutant is not shorter than that of wild-type under DR [18690010]. | Budding yeast |
| ATXN1 | ataxin 1 | ATXN1 was not found to be associated with longevity [21612516]. | Human |
| B9D2 | B9 protein domain 2 | B9D2 was not found to be associated with longevity [15569360]. | Human |
| BIN1 | bridging integrator 1 | BIN1 was not found to be associated with longevity [22445811]. | Human |
| BNA6 | Biosynthesis of Nicotinic Acid 6 | Deletion of BNA6 (alias QPT1) has no effect on replicative lifespan and is not required for lifespan extension by DR, but is lethal with mutation of NPT1 [11000115]. Deletion of BNA6 decreases chronological lifespan [17110466]. | Nematode |
| BUL1 | Binds Ubiquitin Ligase 1 | Deletion of BUL1 does non-significantly reduces mean chronological lifespan under starvation/extreme DR [20657825]. | Budding yeast |
| C3 | complement component 3 | Genetic variations in C3 are not associated with longevity in Italian [10219002]. | Human |
| C4A | complement component 4A (Rodgers blood group) | Genetic variations in C4A are not associated with longevity in Italian [10219002]. | Human |
| C4B | complement component 4B (Chido blood group) | Genetic variations in C4B are not associated with longevity in Italian [10219002]. | Human |
| CAD | carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase | CAD was not found to be associated with longevity [15621215]. | Human |
| Cat | Catalase | Simultaneous overexpression of catalase and Sod1 results in a one-third (i.e. 30%) lifespan extension, a slower rate of mortality acceleration, and a delayed loss in physical performance, but neither has any effect on lifespan alone [8108730]. Targeted overexpression of CAT in the mitochondrial matrix has no effect on lifespan at 25 degree Celsius, slightly shortens lifespan at 29 degree Celsius as is associated with increased resistance to endogenous hydrogen peroxide, paraquat, and cold stress [12521602]. | Fruit fly |
| CAT | catalase | Overexpression of human catalase targeted to mitochondria (MCAT) extends mean and maximum lifespan by about 20% in mice. Inactivation of aconitase in heat mitochondria and mitochondrial damage is also reduced in long-lived CAT mutant mice [15879174].
The MCAT strain has a reduced severity of age-dependent arteriosclerosis and increased genomic stability, as indicated by an decrease in oxidative stress and mitochondrial deletions in heart and muscle tissues. Median and maximum lifespan in increased about 17 - 21% [16144468].CAT was not found to be associated with longevity [15472150]. | Human |
| CBL | — | CBL was not found to be associated with longevity [23770741]. | Human |
