| — | Rapamycin | Rapamcyin increases mouse lifespan even when administrated late in life [19587680]. | House mouse |
| — | Hesperidin | Hesperidin derived from the Citrus genus extends replicative lifespan at doses of 5 and 10 microMolar. Hesperdin inihibts ROS and UTH1 gene expression, but increases Sir2 and SOD gene expression. UTH1 and SKN7 are involved in lifespan extension mediated by hesperidin [22484922]. | Budding yeast |
| — | Phloridzin | Administration of the apple polyphenol phloridzin at doses of 3, 10, and 30 microMolar siginificantly prolongs the replicative lifespan in K6001 yeast strain (p < 0.01; p < 0.001). Phloridizin improves the viability of cells under oxidative stress (7 microMolar H2O2) in a dose-dependent manner and increases the significantly the expression of SOD1, SOD2, and SIR2 [21597195]. | — |
| — | Ganodermasides A | Application of Ganodermasides A extends the replicative lifespan of budding yeast in K6001 strain by regulating UTH1 expression [20093034]. | — |
| — | Ganodermasides B | Application of Ganodermasides B extends the replicative lifespan of budding yeast in K6001 strain by regulating UTH1 expression [20093034]. | — |
| — | Gonadermasides D | In budding yeast application of gonadermasides D significantly increases the replicative lifespan in the K6001 strain by regulating UTH1 [21512225]. | — |
| — | Gonadermasides C | In budding yeast application of gonadermasides C significantly increases the replicative lifespan in the K6001 strain by regulating UTH1 [21512225]. | — |
| — | Oligomycin | In fruit fly, Oligomycin feeding exends lifespan on ad libitum and prevents an increase in longevity under DR (started in the adulthood) in males [19968629]. | — |
| — | Tyrosol | In nematodes treatment with tyrosol (250 microMolar) extends mean, median, and maximum, lifespan by 21, 21, and 11% [22824366]. | — |
| — | Pinitol | In fruit flies, Pinitol (a 3-methoxy analogue of D-chiro-inositol) supplementation to the diet. For both males and females, a 20 microMolar dose of pinitol significantly extends median lifespan by 13% (p < 0.05) and 12.5% (p < 0.05), respectively. Lifespan extension by pinitol is accompanied by protection against oxidative and starvation stresses, improvement in health span, and no reduction in fecundity. Pinitol increases organismal lifespan of both in dietary restriction and ad libitum conditions. Nuclear localization of foxo increases in pinitol-fed animals. Pinitol treatment significantly activates JNK and S6K, but not AKT [22843669]. | — |
| — | Mincoycline | In Drosophila melongaster treatment with minocycline (0.87mM) prolongs mean, median and maximum lifespan of wild-type (Oregon strain) of both genders. In females mincocycline extend mean and maximum lifespan by 57 and 78%, respectively. In males minocycline results in a mean and maximum lifespan extension by 114 and 28%, respectively [23185716]. | — |
| — | Diabenol | In female NMRI and transgenic HER-2/neu mice supplementation of diabenol with drinking water 5 times a week since the age of 2 months, increases survival and inhibits spontaneous carcinogenesis.
In NMRI diabenol does not influence body weight gain dynamics, food and water consumption, but slowed down age-related disturbances in estrous function and increases the lifespan of all and 10% most long-living ones. Diabenol treatment in NMRI mice also inhibits spontaneous tumor incidence (mammary and lymphomas mainly) and increases mammary tumor latency. Diabenol treatment slows down age-related changes in estrous function in HER-2/neu mice, but fails to influence survival and slightly inhibited the incidence and decrease the size of mammary adenocarcinoma metastasis into the lung [15754958]. | House mouse |
| — | Curcumin | Curcumin increases lifespan in *C. elegans* and is associated with reduced ROS and lipofuscin during aging. Curcumin lifespan extension is attributed to its antioxidative properties. Lifespan extension had effects on body size and pharyngeal pumping rate but not on reproduction. Lifespan-extension by curcumin is abolished in osr-1, sek-1, mek-1, skn-1, unc-43, sir-2.1 and age-1 mutants, whereas curcumin treatment prolongs lifespan of mev-1 and daf-16 mutants [21855561]. *C. elegans* feed low concentration of curcumin have a decreased lipofuscin levels and enhanced the resistance to heat stress and increased mean lifespan by 39% and a maximum lifespan extended by 21.4% [23325575]. In fruit fly that survive an average of 64 days, an increase of mean lifespan to 80 days occurs in flies, with females of one strain and males of another strain experiencing an extension in lifespan. The lifespan response to curcimun exhibits variation in male and female, although the compound extends lifespan in both genders [23325575].
In fruit fly, 0.5 an 1.0 mg/g curcumin in the diet increases mean lifespan by 6.2 and 25% in females and by 15.5 and 12.6 in males, respectively. Lifespan extension by curcumin was associated with the increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, upregulation of Ms-SOD and CuZn-SOD genes, and the downregulation of *dInR*, *ATTD*, *Def*, *CecB* and, *DptB* genes as well as reduction of lipofuscin, malondialdehyde and lipid peroxidation [22653297; 23325575]. Curcumin prolongs life and enhances activity of fruit fly Alzheimer diseased flies [22348084]. | — |
| — | Wortmannin | Treatment of Drosophila imago with 0.5 micromolar wortmannin increases median (by 5%) and maximum (by 39%) lifespan in males (p < 0.001), but the lifespan differences in females were statistical insignificant (p > 0.05) [22661237].
Low dose of wortmannin (5 microM) slightly increase the median and maximum lifespan [20017609]. | — |
| 2-ME | 2-Mercaptoethanol | Animals fed a diet supplemented with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) exhibit an increased mean and maximum lifespan [6334792].
T-cell-dependent immune responses are higher in the 2-ME-fed mice compared to the controls when the animals are young. The accumulation of fluorescent products of lipid peroxidation damage is also delayed in the lymphocytes of the 2-ME-fed mice and tumor onset and incidence is reduced in these animals [6334792]. | House mouse |
| 2-MEA | 2-Mercaptoethylanime hydrochloride | Addition of 1% by weight 2-MEA to the diet of male LAF mice, started shortly after weaning, increases average lifespan by approximately 30%, but does not extend maximum lifespan [5723482; 11795501].
Addition of 2-MEA to the maternal diet of female mice increases the lifespan of male and female offspring by 15 and 8%, respectively [Harman & Eddy, 1979; 11795501].
Addition of 2-MEA of an antioxidant mixture containing ethoxyquin and 2-MEA to the diet of dietary restricted mice shortens lifespan approximately 20% [2394907].
References
----------------
Harman, D., and Eddy, D. E. (1979). Free radical theory of aging: beneficial effect of adding antioxidants to the maternal mouse diet on life span of offspring: possible explanation of the sex difference in longevity. Age 2, 109-22. | House mouse |
| AP | Apple polyphenol | Apple polyphenols mainly consists of procyanidins, which are composed of (-)-epicatechins and (+)-catechins. Treatment of C. elegans with 100 microgram/mL apple polyphenol increases mean lifespan of wild-type N2 and FEM-1 by 12.0 and 5.3%, respectively [20717869].
In fruit flies, supplemention of the diet with apple polyphenol significantly extends mean lifespan by 10% and is accompanied by up-regulation of SOD1, SOD2 and CAT as well as downregulation of MTH in aged animals [21319854]. | — |
| Asc | Ascrobate | In budding yeast, the hypersensitivity to oxygene and significantly decreased replicative lifespan of SOD1 deletion can be ameliorated by exogenous ascorbate. If acorbate's negative effects of auto-oxidation are prevented by exchange of medium, ascorbate prolongs mean and maximum replicative lifespan in the atmosphere of air and pure oxygene [15621721]. | — |
| BBE | Blueberry extract | In fruit fly, supplementation of the diet with 5 mg/mL blueberry extract significantly extends the mean lifespan by 10% and is accompanied by an up-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and Rpn11 and down-regulationg of Methuselah (MTH). Lifespan is only extended in Oregon-R wild-type but not in SOD(n108) or Cat(n1) mutant strains [22197903]. | — |
| Beau I | beauveriolide I | In budding yeast treatment with beauveriolide I (20 microgram/mL) extends chronological lifespan in BY4741 by around 50% [22790951]. | — |
| BTE | Black tea extract | Black tea extract is a mixture of epicatechins and theaflavins. In fruit fly, upplementation of the diet with black tea extract extends the lifespan by 10% (from 51 to 56 days) and is associated with higher SOD1 and CAT expression [19770032]. | — |
| C3 | Tris-malonic acid derivate of the fullerene C60 molecule | Tris-malonic acid derivate of the fullerene C60 molecule (C3) increases the lifespan of Sod2(-/-) mice by 300% [15451059]. | — |
| C60 | [60]fullerene | Oral administration of C60 dissolved in olive oil (0.8 mg/ml) at reiterated doses (1.7 mg/kg of body weight) for just about 7 months to rats not only does not entail chronic toxicity but it almost doubles the lifespan. The effects on lifespan is mainly due to the attenuation of age-associated increases in oxidative stress. Dissolved C60 is absorbed by the gastro-intestinal tract and eliminated in a few tens of hours [22498298].
C60-olive oil can increase the mean, median and maximum lifespan by 114, 91 and 74%. C60-olive oil extends the lifespan of animals with a probability of 0.999 and 0.995 with respect to water and olive oil treatments, respectively [22498298].
The GSSG/GSH ratio of animals treated by C60-olive oil is significantly less (about twice as less) as compared to controls [22498298].
C60 solutions have a characteristic purple color. C60 can cross the blood-brain barrier [21787853]. The elimination process follows a non-urinary route as it is mainly eliminated through the bile ducts [16351219; 21787853]. C60 reacts inside the liver cells with vitamin A following a Diels-Alder like reaction both in mice and rats [16351219]. | — |
| CS | Cynomorium songaricum | In fruit fly, the yang-tonifying herbal medicine cynomorium songaricum Repr. (CS) supplementation to the diet extends both the mean and the maximum lifespan of adult females, but insignificantly that of males. In females, maximum lifespan (determined by the 90th survival percentile) is increased by up to 11.4% with 10 mg/mL CS and 5.7% with both 20 and 30 mg/mL Cs. Mean lifespan is significantly extended by 15, 18 and 11% upon treatment with 10, 20, and 30 mg/mL CS, respectively (all P <0.001). Increased lifespan by CS is correlated with higher resistance to oxidative stress and starvation and lower lipid hydroxyperoxids levels as well as accompanied by beneficial effects, such as improved mating readiness, increased fecundity, and suppresion of age-related learning impairment in aged animals [22844336]. | — |
| CSODM | Carboxyfullerene SOD mimetic | Administration of a small-molecule synthetic enzyme superoxide dismutase mimetic to wild-type (i.e. non-transgenic; non-senescence accelerated) mice starting at middle age significantly extends lifespan and reduces age-associated oxidative stress and mitochondrial radical production. Treatment also improves performance on Morris water maze learning and memory task and therefore rescues age-related cognitive impairment [17079053].
Carboxyfullerene SOD mimetic is an antioxidant with mitochondrial activity and nervous system penetration capability [17079053]. | — |
