| Quercitin | — | Quercitin significantly extends the lifespan in C. elegans. Lifespan extension by quercitin has no effect on reproduction and body length. Quercitin induced lifespan extenison was neither dependent on a dietary restriction mimetic nor on sir-2.1 [19043800]. | — |
| NAD | Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide | Supplementation with NAD extended lifespan of C. elegans and this extension was dependent on sir-2.1 and daf-16 and associated with upregulation of sod-3 [19370397]. | — |
| PC | Procyanidin | Treatment of C. elegans with 65 microgram/mL Procyanidins from apple extends the lifespan of N2 and FEM-1 by 12.1 to 8.4%, respectively and does not modify grwoth, food intake of fecundity. Procyanidin treatment has no effect on mev-1 or sir-2.1 mutants [20717869]. | — |
| Asc | Ascrobate | In budding yeast, the hypersensitivity to oxygene and significantly decreased replicative lifespan of SOD1 deletion can be ameliorated by exogenous ascorbate. If acorbate's negative effects of auto-oxidation are prevented by exchange of medium, ascorbate prolongs mean and maximum replicative lifespan in the atmosphere of air and pure oxygene [15621721]. | — |
| SHE-3 | Eleutherococcus senticosus | Treatment of nematodes with the plant adaptogen Eleutherococcus senticosus (SHE-3; alias Acantopanax senticosus) increase stress resistance and mean lifespan in a dose-dependent manner. 250 microgram/ml SHE-3 signinifanclty increases lifespan between 10 and 20% 9 (P < 0.001), increase maximum lifepsan with 2-3 days and pospones the moment when the first individuals die. With higher concentrations, the effect is weakerm wheras at the highest concentrations (2500 microgram/mL) a lifespan shortenening effect of 15-25% (P < 0.001) occurs. Treatment with SHE-3 induces translocation of DAF-16 and activation of HSP-16 [18536978]. | — |
| SHE-5 | Rhodiola rosea | Treatment of nematodes with the plant adaptogen Rhodiola rosea (SHE-5) increase stress resistance and mean lifespan in a dose-dependent manner. 10-25 microgram/ml SHE-5 signinifanclty increases lifespan between 10 and 20% 9 (P < 0.001), increase maximum lifepsan with 2-3 days and pospones the moment when the first individuals die. With higher concentrations, the effect is weakerm wheras at the highest concentrations (250 microgram/mL) a lifespan shortenening effect of 15-25% (P < 0.001) occurs [18536978]. | — |
| DhHP-6 | Deterohemin-AlaHisThrValGluLys | Deuterohemin containing peptide deterohemin-AlaHisThrValGluLys (DhHP-6) significantly increases mean lifespan (P < 0.05), but not maximum lifespan. DhHP-6 also improves survival rate in acute heat-stress (35 degree Celsius) and rescues sensitivity to paraquat in acute oxidative stress. DhHP-6 treatment up-regulates SOD-3 and also regulates stress resistance genes such as hsp-16.1, hsp16.49 and sir-2.1 daf-16 and sir-2.1 genes are essential for the beneficial effect of DhHP-6 [20528576]. | — |
| DMSO | Dimethyl sulfoxide | Treatment with 0.5 and 2% DMSO increases lifespan by 24.4 and 23.0%, respectively. 0.5% DMSO does not affect progeny number or lifespan under thermal stress. Treatment with 0.5% DMSO enhances the mRNA levels of hsp-16.2, hsp-70, lys-7, old-1, and sod-5 by 2.5, 2.9, 1.3, 2.3, and 4.5-fold, respectively, as well as the protein level of lys-7 by 1.5-fold. Lifespan extension confered by DMSO depends on sir-2.1 and daf-16 but not on eat-2 or hsf-1 [20828537]. | — |
| JUG | Jugelone treatment | High jugelone concentrations led to premature death. Low juglone concentrations are tolerated well and cause a prolongation of lifespan that is associated with increased expression of small heat-shock protein HSP-16.2, enhanced glutathione levels, and nuclear translocation of DAF-16. Silencing or deletion of daf-16 prevents jugelone-induced adaptations. RNA-interference for SIR-2.1 has the same effects as daf-16 deletion but does not affect nuclear accumulation of DAF-16. DAF-16- and SIR-2.1-dependent alterations in gene expression after challenge with reactive oxygene species lead to lifespan extension [19597959]. | — |
| Pro | L-proline | L-proline supplementation in nematodes increases lifespan by 5.8 and 13.6% (mean and maximum lifespan) [22482728]. | — |
| — | Phloridzin | Administration of the apple polyphenol phloridzin at doses of 3, 10, and 30 microMolar siginificantly prolongs the replicative lifespan in K6001 yeast strain (p < 0.01; p < 0.001). Phloridizin improves the viability of cells under oxidative stress (7 microMolar H2O2) in a dose-dependent manner and increases the significantly the expression of SOD1, SOD2, and SIR2 [21597195]. | — |
| — | Ganodermasides A | Application of Ganodermasides A extends the replicative lifespan of budding yeast in K6001 strain by regulating UTH1 expression [20093034]. | — |
| — | Ganodermasides B | Application of Ganodermasides B extends the replicative lifespan of budding yeast in K6001 strain by regulating UTH1 expression [20093034]. | — |
| — | Gonadermasides D | In budding yeast application of gonadermasides D significantly increases the replicative lifespan in the K6001 strain by regulating UTH1 [21512225]. | — |
| — | Gonadermasides C | In budding yeast application of gonadermasides C significantly increases the replicative lifespan in the K6001 strain by regulating UTH1 [21512225]. | — |
| — | Oligomycin | In fruit fly, Oligomycin feeding exends lifespan on ad libitum and prevents an increase in longevity under DR (started in the adulthood) in males [19968629]. | — |
| AP | Apple polyphenol | Apple polyphenols mainly consists of procyanidins, which are composed of (-)-epicatechins and (+)-catechins. Treatment of C. elegans with 100 microgram/mL apple polyphenol increases mean lifespan of wild-type N2 and FEM-1 by 12.0 and 5.3%, respectively [20717869].
In fruit flies, supplemention of the diet with apple polyphenol significantly extends mean lifespan by 10% and is accompanied by up-regulation of SOD1, SOD2 and CAT as well as downregulation of MTH in aged animals [21319854]. | — |
| BTE | Black tea extract | Black tea extract is a mixture of epicatechins and theaflavins. In fruit fly, upplementation of the diet with black tea extract extends the lifespan by 10% (from 51 to 56 days) and is associated with higher SOD1 and CAT expression [19770032]. | — |
| BBE | Blueberry extract | In fruit fly, supplementation of the diet with 5 mg/mL blueberry extract significantly extends the mean lifespan by 10% and is accompanied by an up-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and Rpn11 and down-regulationg of Methuselah (MTH). Lifespan is only extended in Oregon-R wild-type but not in SOD(n108) or Cat(n1) mutant strains [22197903]. | — |
| Beau I | beauveriolide I | In budding yeast treatment with beauveriolide I (20 microgram/mL) extends chronological lifespan in BY4741 by around 50% [22790951]. | — |
| TRE | Trehalose | In nematodes treatment with trehalose starting from the young-adult stage extends the mean lifespan by over 30% without any side effects. Trehalose treatment starting even from the old-adult stage shortly thereafter retards the age-associated decline in survivorship and extends the remaining lifespan by 60%. Lifespan extension by trehalose lowers the age-independent vulnerability. Trehalose increases reproductive span and retards the age-associated decrease in pharyngeal-pumping rate and the accumulation of lipofuscin autofluorescence as well as enhances thermotolerance and reduces polyglutamine. The lifespan extending effect of trehalose is abolished in daf-2 mutants [20477758].
Trehalose is suggested to act as a stress protectant against heat, cold, desiccation, anoxia, and oxidation [20477758].
Treatment with trehalose reduces neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of taupathy (human mutant P301S tau mouse. Neuronal survival is evaluated by trehalose. Trehalose induces autophagy in the brain, where the number of neurons containing tau inclusions is significantly reduced as well as the amount of insoluble tau protein and the protein levels of p62. However, trehalose fails to activate autophagy in the spinal cord, where it has no impact on the level of sarkosyl-insoluble tau. Trehalose has also no effect on the motor impairment of human mutant P301S tau transgenic mice [22689910]. | — |
| Spd | Spermidine | Administration of spermidine extends lifespan of yeast, flies and worms and human immune cells. In yeast spermidine treatment triggers deacetylation of H3 through inhibition of histone acetylatranserfases, suppresses oxidative stress and necrosis. Altered acetylation of the chromatin results in upregulation of various autophagy-related genes and triggers autophagy [19801973].
In nematodes treatment with 0.2 mM spermidine extends mean and maximum lifespan of wild-type by 16 and 13% significantly (<0.005) as well as the mean and maximum lifespan in sir-2.1(ok434) by 12 and 11% significantly (<0.01). | — |
| — | Tyrosol | In nematodes treatment with tyrosol (250 microMolar) extends mean, median, and maximum, lifespan by 21, 21, and 11% [22824366]. | — |
| CS | Cynomorium songaricum | In fruit fly, the yang-tonifying herbal medicine cynomorium songaricum Repr. (CS) supplementation to the diet extends both the mean and the maximum lifespan of adult females, but insignificantly that of males. In females, maximum lifespan (determined by the 90th survival percentile) is increased by up to 11.4% with 10 mg/mL CS and 5.7% with both 20 and 30 mg/mL Cs. Mean lifespan is significantly extended by 15, 18 and 11% upon treatment with 10, 20, and 30 mg/mL CS, respectively (all P <0.001). Increased lifespan by CS is correlated with higher resistance to oxidative stress and starvation and lower lipid hydroxyperoxids levels as well as accompanied by beneficial effects, such as improved mating readiness, increased fecundity, and suppresion of age-related learning impairment in aged animals [22844336]. | — |
| — | Pinitol | In fruit flies, Pinitol (a 3-methoxy analogue of D-chiro-inositol) supplementation to the diet. For both males and females, a 20 microMolar dose of pinitol significantly extends median lifespan by 13% (p < 0.05) and 12.5% (p < 0.05), respectively. Lifespan extension by pinitol is accompanied by protection against oxidative and starvation stresses, improvement in health span, and no reduction in fecundity. Pinitol increases organismal lifespan of both in dietary restriction and ad libitum conditions. Nuclear localization of foxo increases in pinitol-fed animals. Pinitol treatment significantly activates JNK and S6K, but not AKT [22843669]. | — |
