| BHB | β-hydroxybutyrate | β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB), ketone body is produced during a prolonged low-caloric or ketonic diet.
Low concentrations of βOHB helps protect cells from "oxidative stress". dietary restriction (DR) spurs βOHB production. βOHB is an endogenous and specific inhibitor of class I histone deacetylases (HDACs). Exogenous βOHB administration, fasting or DR increases global histone acetylation in mouse tissues. HDAC inhibition by βOHB is correlated with global changes in transcription, including oxidative stress factors Foxo3a and Mt2. Cells treated with βOHB have increased histone acetylation at Foxo3a and Mt2 promoters. Both Foxo3a and Mt2 are activated by selective depletion of HDAC1 and HDAC2. normally keeps a pair of genes, namely Foxo3a and Mt2 switched off [http://www.biocompare.com/Life-Science-News/126847-Gladstone-Scientists-Discover-Novel-Mechanism-By-Which-Calorie-Restriction-Influences-Longevity/; http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2012/12/05/science.1227166]. | — |
| PNC1 | Pyrazinamidase/NiCotinamidase 1 | Cells with 5 copies of PNC1 have a 70% longer replicative lifespan which is cancelled out by SIR2 deletion. PNC1 is upregulated under glucose DR [12736687]. Pnc1 reduces cellular nicotinamide levels, a product and noncompetitive inhibitor of Sir2 deacetylation reaction. Overexpression of PNC1 suppresses the effect of exogenously added nicotinamide on Sir2-dependent silencing at HM loci, telomeres and rDNA loci [12736687; 14729974]. Pnc1 catalyses the breakdown of nicotinamide to nicotinate and ammonia [12736687]. Deletion of PNC1 shortens replicative lifespan approximately by 10% [12736687] and largely prevents replicative lifespan extension of 0.5% glucose restriction. 0.5% glucose restriction slightly extends median replicative lifespan (by 10 - 15%) but not maximum replicative lifespan in pnc1Delta [14724176]. PNC1 overexpression suppresses the inhibitory effect of exogenously added NAM on silencing, lifespan, and Hst1-mediated transcriptional repression [14729974]. Increased expression of PNC1 is both necessary and sufficient for replicative lifespan extension by DR and low-intensity stress. Under non-stressing conditions (2% glucose, 30 degree Celsius), a strain with additional copies of PNC1 (5XPNC1) has 70% longer replicative lifespan than the wild-type and some cells live for more than 70 divisions. Neither DR nor heat stress further increase the lifespan of the 5XPNC1 strain [12736687]. PNC1 deletion decreases chronological lifespan [17110466]. | Budding yeast |
| unc-52 | UNCoordinated 52 | RNA interference of unc-52 in adulthood extends mean lifespan by 11% [17411345]. RNAi knockdown of unc-52 starting at hatching or only during the adulthood significantly decreases lifespan of eat-2 without affecting wild-type lifespan. UNC-52 levels are elevated in eat-2 mutants. Increased content of UNC-52 is, at least partially, required for lifespan-extension by DR [22810224]. | Nematode |
| CLEC-63 | C-type LECtin 63 | RNA interference of clec-63 has no significant effect on the lifespan of eat-2 mutants, although CLEC-63 is elevated in eat-2 mutants [22810224]. | Nematode |
| cyc-2.1 | CYtochrome C 2.1 | RNA interference of cyc-2.1 increases mean lifespan by 80% [17608836]. cyc-2.1 RNAi has no significant effect on lifespan of eat-2 mutants, although CYC-2.1 levels are elevated in eat-2 mutants [22810224]. | Nematode |
| Atp5j2 | ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial Fo complex, subunit F2 | Atp5j2 is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| U4 | U4 spliceosomal RNA | U4 is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| Egln3 | Egl nine homolog 3, mitochondrial | Egln3 is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| RS29_RAT | 40S ribosomal protein S29 | RS29_RAT is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| LOC100361934 | NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex 4 | LOC100361934 is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| Mrpl52 | 39S ribosomal protein L52, mitochondrial | Mrpl52 is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| LOC100361856 | 6.8 kDa mitochondrial proteolipid-like | LOC100361856 is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| Cox14 | COX14 cytochrome c oxidase assembly | Cox14 (D3ZWG6_RAT) is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| D3ZWG6_RAT | — | D3ZWG6_RAT is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| Yaf2 | YY1 associated factor 2 | Yaf2 is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| Rpusd1 | RNA pseudouridylate synthase domain-containing protein 1 | Rpusd1 is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| Tceb2 | Transcription elongation factor B polypeptide 2 | Tceb2 is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| Rogdi | rogdi homolog (Drosophila) | Rogdi is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| Pdcd5 | programmed cell death protein 5 | Pdcd5 is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| D4ACK9_RAT | — | D4ACK9_RAT is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| Sars | Seryl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic | Sars is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| ATP8_RAT | ATP synthase protein 8 | ATP8_RAT is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| Gadd45gip1 | Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible proteins-interacting protein 1 | Gadd45gip1 is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| Rab3b | RAB3B, member RAS oncogene family | Rab3b is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
| Thrsp | Thyroid hormone-inducible hepatic protein | Thrsp is transcriptional upregulated in the cerebral cortex at the age 28 months under different longevity conditions such as under dietary restriction (DR) as well as in feeding switch regimens that result in extended lifespan, like early age switch to DR as well as the reverse switch under the influence of the DR-mimetic α-lipoic acid (i.e. DR switched to ad libitum+ lipoic acid) [Shona et al. 2013]. | Norway rat |
